diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts b/blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
index 73c9c1009..b123a3124 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   getBoundWithRotation,
   intersects,
 } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
-import type { BlockStdScope } from '@blocksuite/std';
+import { type BlockStdScope, SurfaceSelection } from '@blocksuite/std';
 import type {
   GfxCompatibleInterface,
   GridManager,
@@ -390,6 +390,36 @@ export class DomRenderer {
         this.refresh();
       })
     );
+
+    // Workaround for the group rendering reactive update when selection changed
+    let lastSet = new Set<string>();
+    this._disposables.add(
+      this.std.selection.filter$(SurfaceSelection).subscribe(selections => {
+        const groupRelatedSelection = new Set(
+          selections.flatMap(s =>
+            s.elements.flatMap(e => {
+              const element = surfaceModel.getElementById(e);
+              if (
+                element &&
+                (element.type === 'group' || element.groups.length !== 0)
+              ) {
+                return [element.id, ...element.groups.map(g => g.id)];
+              }
+              return [];
+            })
+          )
+        );
+
+        if (lastSet.symmetricDifference(groupRelatedSelection).size !== 0) {
+          lastSet.union(groupRelatedSelection).forEach(g => {
+            this._markElementDirty(g, UpdateType.ELEMENT_UPDATED);
+          });
+          this.refresh();
+        }
+
+        lastSet = groupRelatedSelection;
+      })
+    );
   }
 
   addOverlay = (overlay: Overlay) => {
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/connector-dom.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/connector-dom.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b75e48ad..000000000
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/connector-dom.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import { DomElementRendererExtension } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
-
-import { connectorDomRenderer } from './connector-dom/index.js';
-
-/**
- * Extension to register the DOM-based renderer for 'connector' elements.
- */
-export const ConnectorDomRendererExtension = DomElementRendererExtension(
-  'connector',
-  connectorDomRenderer
-);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/index.ts
index b01e96786..7d87973a6 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/index.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 export * from './adapter';
 export * from './connector-manager';
 export * from './connector-tool';
-export * from './element-renderer';
-export { ConnectorDomRendererExtension } from './element-renderer/connector-dom';
 export * from './element-transform';
+export * from './renderer';
 export * from './text';
 export * from './toolbar/config';
 export * from './toolbar/quick-tool';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/connector-dom/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
similarity index 92%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/connector-dom/index.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
index f8de1d12d..46a6a0711 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/connector-dom/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-import type { DomRenderer } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
+import {
+  DomElementRendererExtension,
+  type DomRenderer,
+} from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
 import {
   type ConnectorElementModel,
   ConnectorMode,
   DefaultTheme,
+  type LocalConnectorElementModel,
   type PointStyle,
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
 import { PointLocation, SVGPathBuilder } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
 
-import { isConnectorWithLabel } from '../../connector-manager.js';
-import { DEFAULT_ARROW_SIZE } from '../utils.js';
+import { isConnectorWithLabel } from '../connector-manager';
+import { DEFAULT_ARROW_SIZE } from './utils';
 
 interface PathBounds {
   minX: number;
@@ -221,8 +225,8 @@ function renderConnectorLabel(
  * @param element - The HTMLElement to apply the connector's styles to.
  * @param renderer - The main DOMRenderer instance, providing access to viewport and color utilities.
  */
-export const connectorDomRenderer = (
-  model: ConnectorElementModel,
+export const connectorBaseDomRenderer = (
+  model: ConnectorElementModel | LocalConnectorElementModel,
   element: HTMLElement,
   renderer: DomRenderer
 ): void => {
@@ -358,7 +362,21 @@ export const connectorDomRenderer = (
   element.style.height = `${model.h * zoom}px`;
   element.style.overflow = 'visible';
   element.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
-
-  // Render label if present
-  renderConnectorLabel(model, element, renderer, zoom);
 };
+
+export const connectorDomRenderer = (
+  model: ConnectorElementModel,
+  element: HTMLElement,
+  renderer: DomRenderer
+): void => {
+  connectorBaseDomRenderer(model, element, renderer);
+  renderConnectorLabel(model, element, renderer, renderer.viewport.zoom);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extension to register the DOM-based renderer for 'connector' elements.
+ */
+export const ConnectorDomRendererExtension = DomElementRendererExtension(
+  'connector',
+  connectorDomRenderer
+);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
similarity index 98%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/index.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
index 397114fe4..6d6b1e205 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import {
 } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
 import { deltaInsertsToChunks } from '@blocksuite/std/inline';
 
-import { isConnectorWithLabel } from '../connector-manager.js';
+import { isConnectorWithLabel } from '../connector-manager';
 import {
   DEFAULT_ARROW_SIZE,
   getArrowOptions,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import {
   renderCircle,
   renderDiamond,
   renderTriangle,
-} from './utils.js';
+} from './utils';
 
 export const connector: ElementRenderer<
   ConnectorElementModel | LocalConnectorElementModel
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad3ea2f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export * from './dom-renderer';
+export * from './element-renderer';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/utils.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/utils.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/element-renderer/utils.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/utils.ts
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/view.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/view.ts
index 2d372d00d..2353aa7b2 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/view.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/view.ts
@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import {
 import { ConnectionOverlay } from './connector-manager';
 import { ConnectorTool } from './connector-tool';
 import { effects } from './effects';
-import { ConnectorElementRendererExtension } from './element-renderer';
-import { ConnectorDomRendererExtension } from './element-renderer/connector-dom';
 import { ConnectorFilter } from './element-transform';
+import {
+  ConnectorDomRendererExtension,
+  ConnectorElementRendererExtension,
+} from './renderer';
 import { connectorToolbarExtension } from './toolbar/config';
 import { connectorQuickTool } from './toolbar/quick-tool';
 import { ConnectorElementView, ConnectorInteraction } from './view/view';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/index.ts
index 2b0228cfa..c59777851 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 export * from './adapter';
 export * from './command';
-export * from './element-renderer';
 export * from './element-view';
+export * from './renderer';
 export * from './text/text';
 export * from './toolbar/config';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/consts.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/consts.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/consts.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/consts.ts
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..963716f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { DomElementRendererExtension } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
+import { FontWeight, type GroupElementModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+
+import {
+  GROUP_TITLE_FONT,
+  GROUP_TITLE_FONT_SIZE,
+  GROUP_TITLE_PADDING,
+} from './consts';
+import { titleRenderParams } from './utils';
+
+export const GroupDomRendererExtension = DomElementRendererExtension(
+  'group',
+  (model: GroupElementModel, domElement, renderer) => {
+    const { zoom } = renderer.viewport;
+    const [, , w, h] = model.deserializedXYWH;
+
+    const renderParams = titleRenderParams(model, zoom);
+    model.externalXYWH = renderParams.titleBound.serialize();
+
+    domElement.innerHTML = '';
+    domElement.style.outlineColor = '';
+    domElement.style.outlineWidth = '';
+    domElement.style.outlineStyle = '';
+
+    const elements = renderer.provider.selectedElements?.() || [];
+
+    const renderTitle = () => {
+      const { text } = renderParams;
+      const titleElement = document.createElement('div');
+      titleElement.style.transform = `translate(0, -100%)`;
+      titleElement.style.fontFamily = GROUP_TITLE_FONT;
+      titleElement.style.fontWeight = `${FontWeight.Regular}`;
+      titleElement.style.fontStyle = 'normal';
+      titleElement.style.fontSize = `${GROUP_TITLE_FONT_SIZE}px`;
+      titleElement.style.color = renderer.getPropertyValue('--affine-blue');
+      titleElement.style.textAlign = 'left';
+      titleElement.style.padding = `${GROUP_TITLE_PADDING[0]}px ${GROUP_TITLE_PADDING[1]}px`;
+      titleElement.textContent = text;
+      domElement.replaceChildren(titleElement);
+    };
+
+    if (elements.includes(model.id)) {
+      if (model.showTitle) {
+        renderTitle();
+      } else {
+        domElement.style.outlineColor =
+          renderer.getPropertyValue('--affine-blue');
+        domElement.style.outlineWidth = '2px';
+        domElement.style.outlineStyle = 'solid';
+      }
+    } else if (model.childElements.some(child => elements.includes(child.id))) {
+      domElement.style.outlineColor = '#8FD1FF';
+      domElement.style.outlineWidth = '2px';
+      domElement.style.outlineStyle = 'solid';
+    }
+
+    domElement.style.width = `${w * zoom}px`;
+    domElement.style.height = `${h * zoom}px`;
+    domElement.style.overflow = 'visible';
+    domElement.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+  }
+);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
similarity index 97%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/index.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
index 0d301c1bc..81ea684c1 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
 import type { GroupElementModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
 import { Bound } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
 
-import { titleRenderParams } from './utils.js';
+import { titleRenderParams } from './utils';
 
 export const group: ElementRenderer<GroupElementModel> = (
   model,
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad3ea2f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export * from './dom-renderer';
+export * from './element-renderer';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/utils.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/utils.ts
similarity index 98%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/utils.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/utils.ts
index 7b4d8ae70..33a397b61 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/element-renderer/utils.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/renderer/utils.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   GROUP_TITLE_FONT_SIZE,
   GROUP_TITLE_OFFSET,
   GROUP_TITLE_PADDING,
-} from './consts.js';
+} from './consts';
 
 export function titleRenderParams(group: GroupElementModel, zoom: number) {
   let text = group.title.toString().trim();
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/text/edgeless-group-title-editor.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/text/edgeless-group-title-editor.ts
index 8250dd1d8..a14f70894 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/text/edgeless-group-title-editor.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/text/edgeless-group-title-editor.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
   GROUP_TITLE_FONT_SIZE,
   GROUP_TITLE_OFFSET,
   GROUP_TITLE_PADDING,
-} from '../element-renderer/consts';
+} from '../renderer/consts';
 
 export function mountGroupTitleEditor(
   group: GroupElementModel,
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/view.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/view.ts
index 8e6236758..2b07d76ab 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/view.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/src/view.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ import {
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-ext-loader';
 
 import { effects } from './effects';
-import { GroupElementRendererExtension } from './element-renderer';
 import { GroupElementView, GroupInteraction } from './element-view';
 import { GroupInteractionExtension } from './interaction-ext';
+import {
+  GroupDomRendererExtension,
+  GroupElementRendererExtension,
+} from './renderer';
 import { groupToolbarExtension } from './toolbar/config';
 
 export class GroupViewExtension extends ViewExtensionProvider {
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ export class GroupViewExtension extends ViewExtensionProvider {
   override setup(context: ViewExtensionContext) {
     super.setup(context);
     context.register(GroupElementRendererExtension);
+    context.register(GroupDomRendererExtension);
     context.register(GroupElementView);
     if (this.isEdgeless(context.scope)) {
       context.register(groupToolbarExtension);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/index.ts
index ea1d52ffa..20d1cda1e 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/index.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export * from './adapter';
-export * from './element-renderer';
 export * from './indicator-overlay';
 export * from './interactivity';
+export * from './renderer';
 export * from './toolbar/config';
 export * from './toolbar/senior-tool';
 export * from './utils';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17ce84478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { DomElementRendererExtension } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
+import {
+  connectorBaseDomRenderer,
+  ConnectorPathGenerator,
+} from '@blocksuite/affine-gfx-connector';
+import type {
+  MindmapElementModel,
+  MindmapNode,
+} from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import type { GfxModel } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
+
+export const MindmapDomRendererExtension = DomElementRendererExtension(
+  'mindmap',
+  (model: MindmapElementModel, domElement, renderer) => {
+    const bound = model.elementBound;
+
+    const { zoom } = renderer.viewport;
+    // Set element size and position
+    domElement.style.width = `${bound.w * zoom}px`;
+    domElement.style.height = `${bound.h * zoom}px`;
+    domElement.style.overflow = 'visible';
+    domElement.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+
+    const newChildren: HTMLDivElement[] = [];
+
+    const traverse = (node: MindmapNode) => {
+      const connectors = model.getConnectors(node);
+      if (!connectors) return;
+
+      connectors.reverse().forEach(result => {
+        const { connector, outdated } = result;
+        const elementGetter = (id: string) =>
+          model.surface.getElementById(id) ??
+          (model.surface.store.getModelById(id) as GfxModel);
+
+        if (outdated) {
+          ConnectorPathGenerator.updatePath(connector, null, elementGetter);
+        }
+
+        const connectorContainer = document.createElement('div');
+        connectorContainer.style.position = 'absolute';
+        connectorContainer.style.transformOrigin = 'top left';
+        const geometricStyles = {
+          left: `${(connector.x - bound.x) * zoom}px`,
+          top: `${(connector.y - bound.y) * zoom}px`,
+        };
+        const opacityStyle = { opacity: node.element.opacity };
+        Object.assign(connectorContainer.style, geometricStyles, opacityStyle);
+
+        connectorBaseDomRenderer(connector, connectorContainer, renderer);
+        newChildren.push(connectorContainer);
+      });
+
+      if (node.detail.collapsed) {
+        return;
+      } else {
+        node.children.forEach(traverse);
+      }
+    };
+
+    model.tree && traverse(model.tree);
+
+    domElement.replaceChildren(...newChildren);
+  }
+);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/element-renderer.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/element-renderer.ts
rename to blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad3ea2f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/renderer/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export * from './dom-renderer';
+export * from './element-renderer';
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/view.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/view.ts
index 335fc1f1e..0d0e5abb5 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/view.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/view.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ import {
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-ext-loader';
 
 import { effects } from './effects';
-import { MindmapElementRendererExtension } from './element-renderer';
 import { MindMapIndicatorOverlay } from './indicator-overlay';
 import { MindMapDragExtension } from './interactivity';
+import {
+  MindmapDomRendererExtension,
+  MindmapElementRendererExtension,
+} from './renderer';
 import {
   mindmapToolbarExtension,
   shapeMindmapToolbarExtension,
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ export class MindmapViewExtension extends ViewExtensionProvider {
   override setup(context: ViewExtensionContext) {
     super.setup(context);
     context.register(MindmapElementRendererExtension);
+    context.register(MindmapDomRendererExtension);
     context.register(mindMapSeniorTool);
     context.register(mindmapToolbarExtension);
     context.register(shapeMindmapToolbarExtension);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/shape/src/element-renderer/shape-dom/index.ts b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/shape/src/element-renderer/shape-dom/index.ts
index bdcc807cc..749ad6766 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/gfx/shape/src/element-renderer/shape-dom/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/gfx/shape/src/element-renderer/shape-dom/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { DomRenderer } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
+import { isRTL } from '@blocksuite/affine-gfx-text';
 import type { ShapeElementModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
 import { DefaultTheme } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
 import { SVGShapeBuilder } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
@@ -99,6 +100,8 @@ export const shapeDomRenderer = (
   const unscaledWidth = model.w;
   const unscaledHeight = model.h;
 
+  const newChildren: Element[] = [];
+
   const fillColor = renderer.getColorValue(
     model.fillColor,
     DefaultTheme.shapeFillColor,
@@ -170,8 +173,7 @@ export const shapeDomRenderer = (
     }
     svg.append(polygon);
 
-    // Replace existing children to avoid memory leaks
-    element.replaceChildren(svg);
+    newChildren.push(svg);
   } else {
     // Standard rendering for other shapes (e.g., rect, ellipse)
     // innerHTML was already cleared by applyShapeSpecificStyles if necessary
@@ -179,6 +181,41 @@ export const shapeDomRenderer = (
     applyBorderStyles(model, element, strokeColor, zoom); // Uses standard CSS border
   }
 
+  if (model.textDisplay && model.text) {
+    const str = model.text.toString();
+    const textElement = document.createElement('div');
+    if (isRTL(str)) {
+      textElement.dir = 'rtl';
+    }
+    textElement.style.position = 'absolute';
+    textElement.style.inset = '0';
+    textElement.style.display = 'flex';
+    textElement.style.flexDirection = 'column';
+    textElement.style.justifyContent =
+      model.textVerticalAlign === 'center'
+        ? 'center'
+        : model.textVerticalAlign === 'top'
+          ? 'flex-start'
+          : 'flex-end';
+    textElement.style.whiteSpace = 'pre-wrap';
+    textElement.style.wordBreak = 'break-word';
+    textElement.style.textAlign = model.textAlign;
+    textElement.style.alignmentBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+    textElement.style.fontFamily = model.fontFamily;
+    textElement.style.fontSize = `${model.fontSize * zoom}px`;
+    textElement.style.fontWeight = model.fontWeight;
+    textElement.style.color = renderer.getColorValue(
+      model.color,
+      DefaultTheme.shapeTextColor,
+      true
+    );
+    textElement.textContent = str;
+    newChildren.push(textElement);
+  }
+
+  // Replace existing children to avoid memory leaks
+  element.replaceChildren(...newChildren);
+
   applyTransformStyles(model, element);
 
   manageClassNames(model, element);