diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-server.yml b/.github/workflows/build-server.yml
index 1879e71b7..1a13cb62a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-server.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-server.yml
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ jobs:
           --health-retries 5
         ports:
           - 5432:5432
+      mailer:
+        image: mailhog/mailhog
+        ports:
+          - 1025:1025
+          - 8025:8025
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
@@ -112,6 +117,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           CARGO_TARGET_DIR: '${{ github.workspace }}/target'
           DATABASE_URL: postgresql://affine:affine@localhost:5432/affine
+          ENABLE_LOCAL_EMAIL: true
 
       - name: Upload server test coverage results
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
@@ -139,6 +145,11 @@ jobs:
           --health-retries 5
         ports:
           - 5432:5432
+      mailer:
+        image: mailhog/mailhog
+        ports:
+          - 1025:1025
+          - 8025:8025
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
@@ -181,6 +192,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           COVERAGE: true
           DATABASE_URL: postgresql://affine:affine@localhost:5432/affine
+          ENABLE_LOCAL_EMAIL: true
 
       - name: Collect code coverage report
         run: yarn exec nyc report -t .nyc_output --report-dir .coverage --reporter=lcov
diff --git a/apps/server/.env.example b/apps/server/.env.example
index 2dcf75924..01e76c182 100644
--- a/apps/server/.env.example
+++ b/apps/server/.env.example
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ NEXTAUTH_URL="http://localhost:8080"
 OAUTH_EMAIL_SENDER="noreply@toeverything.info"
 OAUTH_EMAIL_LOGIN=""
 OAUTH_EMAIL_PASSWORD=""
+ENABLE_LOCAL_EMAIL="true"
diff --git a/apps/server/scripts/test-send-local-mail.ts b/apps/server/scripts/test-send-local-mail.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50e0872ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/scripts/test-send-local-mail.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { createTransport } from 'nodemailer';
+
+const transport = createTransport({
+  host: '0.0.0.0',
+  port: 1025,
+  secure: false,
+  auth: {
+    user: 'himself65',
+    pass: '123456',
+  },
+});
+
+await transport.sendMail({
+  from: 'noreply@toeverything.info',
+  to: 'himself65@outlook.com',
+  subject: 'test',
+  html: `<div>hello world</div>`,
+});
diff --git a/apps/server/src/config/def.ts b/apps/server/src/config/def.ts
index e93047423..ef434575e 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/config/def.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/config/def.ts
@@ -308,6 +308,11 @@ export interface AFFiNEConfig {
         }
       >
     >;
+    /**
+     * whether to use local email service to send email
+     * local debug only
+     */
+    localEmail: boolean;
     email: {
       server: string;
       port: number;
diff --git a/apps/server/src/config/default.ts b/apps/server/src/config/default.ts
index 25f16e2f6..3aae4b9d0 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/config/default.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/config/default.ts
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ export const getDefaultAFFiNEConfig: () => AFFiNEConfig = () => {
         'doc.manager.experimentalMergeWithJwstCodec',
         'boolean',
       ],
+      ENABLE_LOCAL_EMAIL: ['auth.localEmail', 'boolean'],
     } satisfies AFFiNEConfig['ENV_MAP'],
     affineEnv: 'dev',
     get affine() {
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@ export const getDefaultAFFiNEConfig: () => AFFiNEConfig = () => {
         return this.privateKey;
       },
       oauthProviders: {},
+      localEmail: false,
       email: {
         server: 'smtp.gmail.com',
         port: 465,
diff --git a/apps/server/src/modules/auth/mailer/mailer.ts b/apps/server/src/modules/auth/mailer/mailer.ts
index 6df367f5e..d1c8f65c3 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/modules/auth/mailer/mailer.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/modules/auth/mailer/mailer.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,17 @@ export const MAILER: FactoryProvider<
 > = {
   provide: MAILER_SERVICE,
   useFactory: (config: Config) => {
+    if (config.auth.localEmail) {
+      return createTransport({
+        host: '0.0.0.0',
+        port: 1025,
+        secure: false,
+        auth: {
+          user: config.auth.email.login,
+          pass: config.auth.email.password,
+        },
+      });
+    }
     return createTransport({
       service: 'gmail',
       auth: {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/prelude.ts b/apps/server/src/prelude.ts
index 10c53c1be..0c0fae35f 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/prelude.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/prelude.ts
@@ -4,3 +4,7 @@ import 'dotenv/config';
 import { getDefaultAFFiNEConfig } from './config/default';
 
 globalThis.AFFiNE = getDefaultAFFiNEConfig();
+
+if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
+  console.log('AFFiNE Config:', globalThis.AFFiNE);
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/tests/mailer.e2e.ts b/apps/server/src/tests/mailer.e2e.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bc885271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/tests/mailer.e2e.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/// <reference types="../global.d.ts" />
+// This test case is for testing the mailer service.
+// Please use local SMTP server for testing.
+// See: https://github.com/mailhog/MailHog
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import test from 'ava';
+
+import { ConfigModule } from '../config';
+import { GqlModule } from '../graphql.module';
+import { MetricsModule } from '../metrics';
+import { AuthModule } from '../modules/auth';
+import { AuthService } from '../modules/auth/service';
+import { PrismaModule } from '../prisma';
+import { RateLimiterModule } from '../throttler';
+
+let auth: AuthService;
+let module: TestingModule;
+let skip = false;
+
+test.before(async () => {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch('http://localhost:8025/api/v2/messages');
+    if (!response.ok && !process.env.CI) {
+      console.warn('local mail not found, skip the mailer.e2e.ts');
+      skip = true;
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (
+      error instanceof Error &&
+      (error.cause as any)?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' &&
+      !process.env.CI
+    ) {
+      console.warn('local mail not found, skip the mailer.e2e.ts');
+      skip = true;
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+// cleanup database before each test
+test.beforeEach(async () => {
+  const client = new PrismaClient();
+  await client.$connect();
+  await client.user.deleteMany({});
+});
+
+test.beforeEach(async () => {
+  module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+    imports: [
+      ConfigModule.forRoot({
+        auth: {
+          accessTokenExpiresIn: 1,
+          refreshTokenExpiresIn: 1,
+          leeway: 1,
+        },
+      }),
+      PrismaModule,
+      GqlModule,
+      AuthModule,
+      MetricsModule,
+      RateLimiterModule,
+    ],
+  }).compile();
+  auth = module.get(AuthService);
+});
+
+test.afterEach(async () => {
+  await module.close();
+});
+
+const getCurrentMailMessageCount = async () => {
+  const response = await fetch('http://localhost:8025/api/v2/messages');
+  const data = await response.json();
+  return data.total;
+};
+
+const getLatestMailMessage = async () => {
+  const response = await fetch('http://localhost:8025/api/v2/messages');
+  const data = await response.json();
+  return data.items[0];
+};
+
+test('should include callbackUrl in sending email', async t => {
+  if (skip) {
+    return t.pass();
+  }
+  await auth.signUp('Alex Yang', 'alexyang@example.org', '123456');
+  for (const fn of [
+    'sendSetPasswordEmail',
+    'sendChangeEmail',
+    'sendChangePasswordEmail',
+  ] as const) {
+    const prev = await getCurrentMailMessageCount();
+    await auth[fn]('alexyang@example.org', 'https://test.com/callback');
+    const current = await getCurrentMailMessageCount();
+    const mail = await getLatestMailMessage();
+    t.regex(
+      mail.Content.Body,
+      /https:\/\/test.com\/callback/,
+      `should include callbackUrl when calling ${fn}`
+    );
+    t.is(current, prev + 1, `calling ${fn}`);
+  }
+  return;
+});
diff --git a/tests/affine-cloud/playwright.config.ts b/tests/affine-cloud/playwright.config.ts
index f88b60cea..7a63e657e 100644
--- a/tests/affine-cloud/playwright.config.ts
+++ b/tests/affine-cloud/playwright.config.ts
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const config: PlaywrightTestConfig = {
         DEBUG: 'affine:*',
         FORCE_COLOR: 'true',
         DEBUG_COLORS: 'true',
+        ENABLE_LOCAL_EMAIL: process.env.ENABLE_LOCAL_EMAIL ?? 'true',
         NEXTAUTH_URL: 'http://localhost:8080',
         OAUTH_EMAIL_SENDER: 'noreply@toeverything.info',
       },