feat(copilot): managed profile testing and openaiCompatible provider support

- add native openaiCompatible provider type with flat baseUrl/apiKey/dialect
  config fields and declared per-model capabilities
- add admin-only probeManagedCopilotProfile GraphQL mutation that dispatches
  real probe requests against server-managed copilot profiles, reusing the
  BYOK probe engine with an AllowPrivate egress policy for self-hosted
  endpoints (Vertex profiles rejected; use workspace BYOK instead)
- expose providers.profiles app config descriptor to the admin console
- add 'AI Providers' settings group with JSON editor and per-profile Test
  action that probes declared capabilities and reports verified/failed
  status per model and operation

.docker/selfhost/schema.json

@@ -1467,6 +1467,237 @@
           "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
           "title": "boolean",
           "default": false
+        },
+        "providers.profiles": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "description": "The profile list for copilot providers.\n@default []",
+          "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+          "definitions": {
+            "CopilotManagedCapabilityToken": {
+              "enum": [
+                "chat",
+                "tools",
+                "vision",
+                "structured",
+                "embedding",
+                "rerank",
+                "image"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "CopilotManagedModelConfigFile": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                {
+                  "properties": {
+                    "capabilities": {
+                      "default": [],
+                      "items": {
+                        "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotManagedCapabilityToken"
+                      },
+                      "type": "array"
+                    },
+                    "enabled": {
+                      "default": false,
+                      "type": "boolean"
+                    },
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "string"
+                    }
+                  },
+                  "required": [
+                    "id"
+                  ],
+                  "type": "object"
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            "CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile": {
+              "properties": {
+                "apiKey": {
+                  "default": null,
+                  "type": [
+                    "string",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "baseUrl": {
+                  "default": null,
+                  "type": [
+                    "string",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "config": {
+                  "additionalProperties": true,
+                  "default": {},
+                  "description": "Legacy nested form. New configs use the flat baseUrl/apiKey/dialect fields.",
+                  "type": "object"
+                },
+                "dialect": {
+                  "default": null,
+                  "type": [
+                    "string",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "displayName": {
+                  "type": [
+                    "string",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "enabled": {
+                  "default": true,
+                  "type": "boolean"
+                },
+                "id": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "middleware": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotProviderMiddlewareConfigFile"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "type": "null"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "models": {
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotManagedModelConfigFile"
+                  },
+                  "type": [
+                    "array",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "priority": {
+                  "format": "double",
+                  "type": [
+                    "number",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "type": {
+                  "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotManagedProvider"
+                }
+              },
+              "required": [
+                "id",
+                "type"
+              ],
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "CopilotManagedProvider": {
+              "enum": [
+                "anthropic",
+                "anthropicVertex",
+                "cloudflareWorkersAi",
+                "fal",
+                "gemini",
+                "geminiVertex",
+                "openai",
+                "openaiCompatible"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "CopilotNodeMiddlewareConfigFile": {
+              "properties": {
+                "text": {
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotNodeTextMiddleware"
+                  },
+                  "type": [
+                    "array",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "CopilotNodeTextMiddleware": {
+              "enum": [
+                "citation_footnote",
+                "callout",
+                "thinking_format"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "CopilotProviderMiddlewareConfigFile": {
+              "properties": {
+                "node": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotNodeMiddlewareConfigFile"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "type": "null"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "rust": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotRustMiddlewareConfigFile"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "type": "null"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "CopilotRustMiddlewareConfigFile": {
+              "properties": {
+                "request": {
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotRustRequestMiddleware"
+                  },
+                  "type": [
+                    "array",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "stream": {
+                  "items": {
+                    "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotRustStreamMiddleware"
+                  },
+                  "type": [
+                    "array",
+                    "null"
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "CopilotRustRequestMiddleware": {
+              "enum": [
+                "normalize_messages",
+                "clamp_max_tokens",
+                "tool_schema_rewrite",
+                "openai_request_compat",
+                "omit_tool_choice"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "CopilotRustStreamMiddleware": {
+              "enum": [
+                "stream_event_normalize",
+                "citation_indexing"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            }
+          },
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile"
+          },
+          "title": "Array_of_CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile",
+          "default": []
         }
       }
     },

packages/backend/native/index.d.ts

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ export declare class BackendRuntime {
   rotateByokCredential(input: RotateByokCredentialInput): Promise<ByokProfileOutput>
   probeByokProfile(input: ProbeByokProfileInput): Promise<ByokProbeResultOutput>
   probeByokDraft(input: ProbeByokDraftInput): Promise<ByokProbeResultOutput>
+  probeManagedCopilotProfile(profileId: string, checks: Array<ByokProbeCheckInput>): Promise<ByokProbeResultOutput>
   deleteByokProfile(workspaceId: string, profileId: string): Promise<boolean>
   reorderByokProfiles(input: ReorderByokProfilesInput): Promise<Array<ByokProfileOutput>>
   createByokLocalLease(input: CreateByokLocalLeaseInput): Promise<ByokLocalLeaseOutput>

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/byok/mod.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ mod probe;
 mod profile;
 
 pub(super) use local::{LocalLeasePayload, create as create_local_lease};
+pub(in crate::runtime::backend_runtime) use probe::execute_probe_with_policy;
 pub(super) use profile::{create, delete, list, probe_draft, probe_profile, reorder, replace, rotate};
 use profile::{envelope_key, require_text};
 

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/byok/probe.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,26 @@ pub(super) async fn execute_probe(
   credential: SensitiveCredential,
   policy: &ByokPolicy,
   checks: Vec<ByokProbeCheckInput>,
+) -> RuntimeResult<ByokProbeResultOutput> {
+  execute_probe_with_policy(
+    provider,
+    definition,
+    credential,
+    policy.egress_policy(&definition.endpoint),
+    checks,
+  )
+  .await
+}
+
+/// Probe with an explicit egress policy. Managed (admin-configured) profiles
+/// pass `AllowPrivate` for self-hosted endpoints; workspace BYOK always
+/// derives the policy from [`ByokPolicy`].
+pub(in crate::runtime::backend_runtime) async fn execute_probe_with_policy(
+  provider: &str,
+  definition: &ByokProfileDefinition,
+  credential: SensitiveCredential,
+  egress_policy: EgressPolicy,
+  checks: Vec<ByokProbeCheckInput>,
 ) -> RuntimeResult<ByokProbeResultOutput> {
   let tested_at_ms = chrono::Utc::now().timestamp_millis();
   let mut requested = Vec::new();
@@ -71,7 +91,6 @@ pub(super) async fn execute_probe(
         let credential = String::from_utf8(credential.expose().to_vec())
           .map_err(|_| RuntimeError::invalid_state("credential_unavailable"))?;
         let operation_for_task = operation.clone();
-        let egress_policy = policy.egress_policy(&endpoint);
         tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
           dispatch_check(
             &provider,

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/copilot/context.rs

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ fn load_managed_profiles(
         .providers
         .profiles
         .iter()
-        .filter(|profile| profile.enabled && profile.models.iter().any(|model| model == model_id))
+        .filter(|profile| profile.enabled && profile.models.iter().any(|model| model.id == *model_id))
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
       let Some(profile) = matches.first() else {
         return Ok(None);
@@ -204,15 +204,23 @@ fn load_managed_profiles(
           "built-in managed route model matches multiple profiles",
         ));
       }
-      let capabilities = provider_default_capability_upper_bound(&profile.provider, model_id)
-        .ok_or_else(|| RuntimeError::invalid_state("built-in managed route model is incompatible with its profile"))?;
+      let declared = matches
+        .first()
+        .and_then(|profile| profile.models.iter().find(|model| model.id == *model_id))
+        .and_then(|model| model.capabilities.clone());
+      let capabilities = match declared {
+        Some(capabilities) => capabilities,
+        None => provider_default_capability_upper_bound(&profile.provider, model_id).ok_or_else(|| {
+          RuntimeError::invalid_state("built-in managed route model is incompatible with its profile")
+        })?,
+      };
       let endpoint = managed_endpoint(profile)?;
       Ok(Some(AuthorizedProviderProfile {
         profile_id: profile.id.clone(),
         source: ProfileSource::Managed,
         provider: profile.provider.clone(),
         endpoint,
-        openai_dialect: (profile.provider == "openai").then_some(OpenAiDialect::Responses),
+        openai_dialect: openai_dialect_for(profile),
         egress_policy: llm_adapter::target::EgressPolicy::PublicOnly,
         models: vec![crate::llm::byok::ByokModelDeclaration {
           model_id: model_id.clone(),
@@ -229,6 +237,19 @@ fn load_managed_profiles(
     .collect()
 }
 
+fn openai_dialect_for(profile: &CopilotManagedProfileConfig) -> Option<OpenAiDialect> {
+  match profile.provider.as_str() {
+    "openai" => Some(OpenAiDialect::Responses),
+    "openaiCompatible" => Some(
+      match profile.config.get("dialect").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str) {
+        Some("responses") => OpenAiDialect::Responses,
+        _ => OpenAiDialect::ChatCompletions,
+      },
+    ),
+    _ => None,
+  }
+}
+
 fn managed_endpoint(profile: &CopilotManagedProfileConfig) -> RuntimeResult<BackendEndpoint> {
   if let Some(base_url) = profile.config.get("baseURL").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str) {
     return llm_adapter::target::canonicalize_endpoint(base_url)
@@ -315,14 +336,18 @@ pub(super) fn required_config_text<'a>(
 mod tests {
   use serde_json::json;
 
-  use super::{BackendEndpoint, CopilotManagedProfileConfig, managed_endpoint};
+  use super::{BackendEndpoint, CopilotManagedProfileConfig, managed_endpoint, openai_dialect_for};
+  use crate::runtime::config::CopilotManagedModel;
 
   fn vertex_profile(location: &str) -> CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
     CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
       id: "vertex".to_string(),
       provider: "geminiVertex".to_string(),
       enabled: true,
-      models: vec!["gemini-3.7-flash".to_string()],
+      models: vec![CopilotManagedModel {
+        id: "gemini-3.7-flash".to_string(),
+        capabilities: None,
+      }],
       config: json!({ "project": "affine-us", "location": location }),
     }
   }
@@ -347,4 +372,32 @@ mod tests {
       )
     );
   }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn openai_compatible_dialect_defaults_to_chat_completions() {
+    let profile = CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
+      id: "vllm".to_string(),
+      provider: "openaiCompatible".to_string(),
+      enabled: true,
+      models: vec![CopilotManagedModel {
+        id: "qwen3-32b".to_string(),
+        capabilities: None,
+      }],
+      config: json!({ "baseURL": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1", "apiKey": "x" }),
+    };
+    assert!(managed_endpoint(&profile).is_ok());
+    assert_eq!(
+      openai_dialect_for(&profile),
+      Some(llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect::ChatCompletions)
+    );
+
+    let profile = CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
+      config: json!({ "dialect": "responses" }),
+      ..profile
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+      openai_dialect_for(&profile),
+      Some(llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect::Responses)
+    );
+  }
 }

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/copilot/dispatch.rs

@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ pub(super) async fn create_vertex_token_provider(
 pub(in crate::runtime::backend_runtime) fn provider(value: &str) -> RuntimeResult<BackendProvider> {
   match value {
     "openai" => Ok(BackendProvider::OpenAi),
+    "openaiCompatible" => Ok(BackendProvider::OpenAi),
     "anthropic" => Ok(BackendProvider::Anthropic),
     "anthropicVertex" => Ok(BackendProvider::AnthropicVertex),
     "gemini" => Ok(BackendProvider::Gemini),

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/copilot/managed_probe.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use llm_adapter::target::EgressPolicy;
+
+use crate::{
+  llm::{
+    ByokProbeCheckInput, ByokProbeResultOutput,
+    byok::{ByokEndpoint, SensitiveCredential},
+  },
+  runtime::{BackendRuntimeConfig, CopilotManagedProfileConfig, RuntimeError, RuntimeResult},
+};
+
+/// Build a BYOK-equivalent definition from a managed profile so the shared
+/// probe engine can compile targets and dispatch real requests. Managed
+/// profiles are admin-controlled, so private endpoints (self-hosted vLLM,
+/// Ollama, LiteLLM) are allowed and no DNS admission check applies.
+pub(super) fn managed_definition(
+  managed: &CopilotManagedProfileConfig,
+) -> RuntimeResult<(crate::llm::byok::ByokProfileDefinition, EgressPolicy)> {
+  use crate::llm::byok::{ByokModelDeclaration, ByokProfileDefinition};
+
+  let endpoint = if let Some(base_url) = managed.config.get("baseURL").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str) {
+    ByokEndpoint::OpenAiCompatible {
+      url: llm_adapter::target::canonicalize_endpoint(base_url)
+        .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::invalid_state(error.to_string()))?,
+      dialect: openai_dialect(managed).unwrap_or(llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect::ChatCompletions),
+    }
+  } else {
+    ByokEndpoint::ProviderDefault
+  };
+  let mut ids = HashSet::new();
+  let models = managed
+    .models
+    .iter()
+    .map(|model| {
+      if !ids.insert(model.id.clone()) {
+        return Err(RuntimeError::invalid_state(
+          "managed copilot profile models must be unique",
+        ));
+      }
+      Ok(ByokModelDeclaration {
+        model_id: model.id.clone(),
+        enabled: true,
+        capabilities: model.capabilities.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
+      })
+    })
+    .collect::<RuntimeResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
+  let egress_policy = if matches!(endpoint, ByokEndpoint::OpenAiCompatible { .. }) {
+    EgressPolicy::AllowPrivate
+  } else {
+    EgressPolicy::PublicOnly
+  };
+  Ok((ByokProfileDefinition { endpoint, models }, egress_policy))
+}
+
+fn openai_dialect(managed: &CopilotManagedProfileConfig) -> Option<llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect> {
+  match managed.provider.as_str() {
+    "openai" => Some(llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect::Responses),
+    "openaiCompatible" => Some(
+      match managed.config.get("dialect").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str) {
+        Some("responses") => llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect::Responses,
+        _ => llm_adapter::target::OpenAiDialect::ChatCompletions,
+      },
+    ),
+    _ => None,
+  }
+}
+
+/// Probe a managed profile from the active runtime config without touching
+/// per-workspace BYOK storage. Used by the admin console "Test" action.
+pub(in crate::runtime::backend_runtime) async fn probe_managed(
+  config: &BackendRuntimeConfig,
+  profile_id: &str,
+  checks: Vec<ByokProbeCheckInput>,
+) -> RuntimeResult<ByokProbeResultOutput> {
+  let managed = super::context::managed_profile(&config.copilot, profile_id)?;
+  let (definition, egress_policy) = managed_definition(managed)?;
+  // Vertex credentials need a token provider; static providers read config.
+  if matches!(managed.provider.as_str(), "geminiVertex" | "anthropicVertex") {
+    return Err(RuntimeError::invalid_input(
+      "probe for vertex managed profiles is not supported; use workspace BYOK",
+    ));
+  }
+  let credential = super::dispatch::managed_credential(managed, None).await?;
+  crate::runtime::backend_runtime::byok::execute_probe_with_policy(
+    &managed.provider,
+    &definition,
+    SensitiveCredential::new(credential.into_bytes()),
+    egress_policy,
+    checks,
+  )
+  .await
+}

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/copilot/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod context;
 mod dispatch;
+pub(in crate::runtime::backend_runtime) mod managed_probe;
 mod stream;
 
 use std::{

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/backend_runtime/mod.rs

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ pub(super) use super::{
   napi_error, to_napi_error, webpki_tls_config,
 };
 use crate::llm::{
-  ByokLocalLeaseOutput, ByokPolicyOutput, ByokProbeResultOutput, ByokProfileOutput, CreateByokLocalLeaseInput,
-  CreateByokProfileInput, ProbeByokDraftInput, ProbeByokProfileInput, ReorderByokProfilesInput,
-  ReplaceByokProfileInput, RotateByokCredentialInput,
+  ByokLocalLeaseOutput, ByokPolicyOutput, ByokProbeCheckInput, ByokProbeResultOutput, ByokProfileOutput,
+  CreateByokLocalLeaseInput, CreateByokProfileInput, ProbeByokDraftInput, ProbeByokProfileInput,
+  ReorderByokProfilesInput, ReplaceByokProfileInput, RotateByokCredentialInput,
 };
 
 pub(super) fn token_hash(token: &str) -> String {
@@ -710,6 +710,18 @@ impl BackendRuntime {
       .map_err(to_napi_error)
   }
 
+  #[napi]
+  pub async fn probe_managed_copilot_profile(
+    &self,
+    profile_id: String,
+    checks: Vec<ByokProbeCheckInput>,
+  ) -> Result<ByokProbeResultOutput> {
+    let config = self.config()?;
+    copilot::managed_probe::probe_managed(&config, &profile_id, checks)
+      .await
+      .map_err(to_napi_error)
+  }
+
   #[napi]
   pub async fn delete_byok_profile(&self, workspace_id: String, profile_id: String) -> Result<bool> {
     let deleted = byok::delete(&self.pool().await?, &workspace_id, &profile_id)

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/config.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::{
   sync::Arc,
 };
 
-use llm_adapter::capability::provider_default_capability_upper_bound;
+use llm_adapter::capability::{DeclaredModelCapability, ModelFeature, provider_default_capability_upper_bound};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::Map;
 use sqlx::{PgPool, Row};
@@ -99,9 +99,7 @@ impl ConfigSource {
     self.exact() || self.override_path.as_deref() == Some(path)
   }
 }
-
-#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub(crate) struct CopilotRuntimeConfig {
   pub(crate) enabled: bool,
   pub(crate) byok: CopilotByokRuntimeConfig,
@@ -135,25 +133,26 @@ fn default_allowed_providers() -> Vec<String> {
   SUPPORTED_BYOK_PROVIDERS.into_iter().map(str::to_string).collect()
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub(crate) struct CopilotProvidersRuntimeConfig {
   pub(crate) profiles: Vec<CopilotManagedProfileConfig>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
   pub(crate) id: String,
-  #[serde(rename = "type")]
   pub(crate) provider: String,
-  #[serde(default = "enabled_by_default")]
   pub(crate) enabled: bool,
-  #[serde(default)]
-  pub(crate) models: Vec<String>,
+  pub(crate) models: Vec<CopilotManagedModel>,
   pub(crate) config: serde_json::Value,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct CopilotManagedModel {
+  pub(crate) id: String,
+  pub(crate) capabilities: Option<Vec<DeclaredModelCapability>>,
+}
+
 fn enabled_by_default() -> bool {
   true
 }
@@ -182,11 +181,44 @@ pub(crate) struct CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile {
   priority: Option<f64>,
   #[serde(default = "enabled_by_default")]
   enabled: bool,
-  models: Option<Vec<String>>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  base_url: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  api_key: Option<String>,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  dialect: Option<String>,
+  models: Option<Vec<CopilotManagedModelConfigFile>>,
   middleware: Option<CopilotProviderMiddlewareConfigFile>,
+  /// Legacy nested form. New configs use the flat baseUrl/apiKey/dialect fields.
+  #[serde(default)]
   config: Map<String, serde_json::Value>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, serde::Serialize, schemars::JsonSchema)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub(crate) enum CopilotManagedModelConfigFile {
+  Id(String),
+  Declared {
+    id: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    enabled: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    capabilities: Vec<CopilotManagedCapabilityToken>,
+  },
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Deserialize, serde::Serialize, schemars::JsonSchema)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub(crate) enum CopilotManagedCapabilityToken {
+  Chat,
+  Tools,
+  Vision,
+  Structured,
+  Embedding,
+  Rerank,
+  Image,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Deserialize, serde::Serialize, schemars::JsonSchema)]
 enum CopilotManagedProvider {
   #[serde(rename = "anthropic")]
@@ -203,6 +235,8 @@ enum CopilotManagedProvider {
   GeminiVertex,
   #[serde(rename = "openai")]
   OpenAi,
+  #[serde(rename = "openaiCompatible")]
+  OpenAiCompatible,
 }
 
 impl CopilotManagedProvider {
@@ -215,12 +249,14 @@ impl CopilotManagedProvider {
       Self::Gemini => "gemini",
       Self::GeminiVertex => "geminiVertex",
       Self::OpenAi => "openai",
+      Self::OpenAiCompatible => "openaiCompatible",
     }
   }
 
   fn legacy_models(self) -> Vec<String> {
     let models: &[&str] = match self {
       Self::OpenAi => &["gpt-5.6-luna", "gpt-5.6-terra", "gpt-image-1", "gpt-4o-mini"],
+      Self::OpenAiCompatible => &[],
       Self::CloudflareWorkersAi => &["@cf/baai/bge-reranker-base"],
       Self::Fal => &["lora/image-to-image", "workflowutils/teed"],
       Self::Gemini => &["gemini-3.7-flash", "gemini-embedding-001"],
@@ -273,6 +309,65 @@ enum CopilotNodeTextMiddleware {
   ThinkingFormat,
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile> for CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
+  type Error = RuntimeError;
+
+  fn try_from(value: CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+    if value.id.is_empty()
+      || !value
+        .id
+        .bytes()
+        .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'-' | b'_'))
+    {
+      return Err(RuntimeError::invalid_state(
+        "managed copilot profile id must contain only letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores",
+      ));
+    }
+    let models = value.models.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+      value
+        .provider
+        .legacy_models()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|id| CopilotManagedModelConfigFile::Id(id))
+        .collect()
+    });
+
+    let models = models
+      .into_iter()
+      .map(|model| match model {
+        CopilotManagedModelConfigFile::Id(id) => Ok(CopilotManagedModel { id, capabilities: None }),
+        CopilotManagedModelConfigFile::Declared {
+          id,
+          enabled: _,
+          capabilities,
+        } => {
+          let capabilities = (!capabilities.is_empty())
+            .then(|| capabilities.iter().map(managed_capability).collect())
+            .transpose()?;
+          Ok(CopilotManagedModel { id, capabilities })
+        }
+      })
+      .collect::<RuntimeResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
+    let mut config = value.config;
+    if let Some(base_url) = value.base_url {
+      config.insert("baseURL".to_string(), serde_json::Value::String(base_url));
+    }
+    if let Some(api_key) = value.api_key {
+      config.insert("apiKey".to_string(), serde_json::Value::String(api_key));
+    }
+    if let Some(dialect) = value.dialect {
+      config.insert("dialect".to_string(), serde_json::Value::String(dialect));
+    }
+    Ok(Self {
+      id: value.id,
+      provider: value.provider.as_str().to_string(),
+      enabled: value.enabled,
+      models,
+      config: serde_json::Value::Object(config),
+    })
+  }
+}
+
 impl TryFrom<CopilotRuntimeConfigFile> for CopilotRuntimeConfig {
   type Error = RuntimeError;
 
@@ -292,29 +387,62 @@ impl TryFrom<CopilotRuntimeConfigFile> for CopilotRuntimeConfig {
   }
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile> for CopilotManagedProfileConfig {
-  type Error = RuntimeError;
-
-  fn try_from(value: CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-    if value.id.is_empty()
-      || !value
-        .id
-        .bytes()
-        .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'-' | b'_'))
-    {
-      return Err(RuntimeError::invalid_state(
-        "managed copilot profile id must contain only letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores",
-      ));
-    }
-    let models = value.models.unwrap_or_else(|| value.provider.legacy_models());
-    Ok(Self {
-      id: value.id,
-      provider: value.provider.as_str().to_string(),
-      enabled: value.enabled,
-      models,
-      config: serde_json::Value::Object(value.config),
-    })
-  }
+fn managed_capability(token: &CopilotManagedCapabilityToken) -> RuntimeResult<DeclaredModelCapability> {
+  use llm_adapter::capability::{AttachmentKind, AttachmentSource, ModelInput, ModelOutput};
+  let capability = match token {
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Chat => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Text],
+      features: vec![],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![],
+      attachment_sources: vec![],
+    },
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Tools => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Text],
+      features: vec![ModelFeature::ToolCalling],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![],
+      attachment_sources: vec![],
+    },
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Vision => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text, ModelInput::Image],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Text],
+      features: vec![],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![AttachmentKind::Image],
+      attachment_sources: vec![AttachmentSource::Url, AttachmentSource::Data, AttachmentSource::Bytes],
+    },
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Structured => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Structured],
+      features: vec![],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![],
+      attachment_sources: vec![],
+    },
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Embedding => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Embedding],
+      features: vec![],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![],
+      attachment_sources: vec![],
+    },
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Rerank => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Rerank],
+      features: vec![],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![],
+      attachment_sources: vec![],
+    },
+    CopilotManagedCapabilityToken::Image => DeclaredModelCapability {
+      input: vec![ModelInput::Text],
+      output: vec![ModelOutput::Image],
+      features: vec![],
+      attachment_kinds: vec![],
+      attachment_sources: vec![],
+    },
+  };
+  llm_adapter::capability::validate_declared_capability(&capability)
+    .map(|_| capability)
+    .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::invalid_state(format!("managed copilot profile capability invalid: {error}")))
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -459,12 +587,17 @@ pub(super) fn validate_copilot_config(config: &CopilotRuntimeConfig) -> RuntimeR
     }
     let mut models = std::collections::HashSet::new();
     for model in &profile.models {
-      if model.trim().is_empty() || !models.insert(model.as_str()) {
+      if model.id.trim().is_empty() || !models.insert(model.id.as_str()) {
         return Err(RuntimeError::invalid_state(
           "managed copilot profile models must be non-empty and unique",
         ));
       }
-      provider_default_capability_upper_bound(&profile.provider, model)
+      // openaiCompatible endpoints serve arbitrary model ids; declared or
+      // probed capabilities replace the built-in catalog lookup.
+      if profile.provider == "openaiCompatible" {
+        continue;
+      }
+      provider_default_capability_upper_bound(&profile.provider, &model.id)
         .ok_or_else(|| RuntimeError::invalid_state("managed copilot profile model is unsupported"))?;
     }
   }
@@ -854,7 +987,14 @@ mod tests {
       .unwrap();
       let copilot: CopilotRuntimeConfig = app_config.copilot.unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
       validate_copilot_config(&copilot).unwrap();
-      assert_eq!(copilot.providers.profiles[0].models, expected_models);
+      assert_eq!(
+        copilot.providers.profiles[0]
+          .models
+          .iter()
+          .map(|m| m.id.as_str())
+          .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        expected_models
+      );
     }
 
     let app_config = app_config_from_flat_overrides([(
@@ -1025,4 +1165,60 @@ mod tests {
       Some("workspace_invitation")
     );
   }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn openai_compatible_profile_accepts_arbitrary_models_and_flat_fields() {
+    let app_config = app_config_from_module_json(serde_json::json!({
+      "copilot": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "providers": {
+          "profiles": [{
+            "id": "my-vllm",
+            "type": "openaiCompatible",
+            "baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1",
+            "apiKey": "sk-test",
+            "models": [
+              "qwen3-32b",
+              { "id": "bge-m3", "capabilities": ["embedding"] }
+            ]
+          }]
+        }
+      }
+    }))
+    .unwrap();
+    let copilot: CopilotRuntimeConfig = app_config.copilot.unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
+    validate_copilot_config(&copilot).unwrap();
+
+    let profile = &copilot.providers.profiles[0];
+    assert_eq!(profile.provider, "openaiCompatible");
+    assert_eq!(profile.models.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(profile.models[0].id, "qwen3-32b");
+    assert!(profile.models[0].capabilities.is_none());
+    assert_eq!(
+      profile.config.get("baseURL").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str),
+      Some("http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+      profile.config.get("apiKey").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str),
+      Some("sk-test")
+    );
+
+    let declared = profile.models[1].capabilities.as_ref().unwrap();
+    use llm_adapter::capability::ModelOutput;
+    assert!(
+      declared
+        .iter()
+        .any(|capability| capability.output.contains(&ModelOutput::Embedding))
+    );
+
+    // unknown provider types are rejected at deserialization, not validation
+    let app_config = app_config_from_flat_overrides([(
+      "copilot.providers.profiles",
+      serde_json::json!([{ "id": "x", "type": "totally-unknown-provider", "models": ["any"] }]),
+    )]);
+    assert!(
+      app_config.is_err(),
+      "unknown provider type must be rejected at deserialization"
+    );
+  }
 }

packages/backend/native/src/runtime/config_descriptor.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ fn descriptors() -> Vec<AppConfigDescriptor> {
       description: "The profile list for copilot providers.".to_string(),
       default_value: json!(defaults.providers.profiles),
       schema: schema_for::<Vec<CopilotManagedProfileConfigFile>>(),
-      internal: true,
+      internal: false,
     },
   ]
 }
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ mod tests {
       ]
     );
     assert_eq!(descriptors[0].default_value, json!(true));
-    assert!(descriptors[4].internal);
+    assert!(!descriptors[4].internal);
     assert!(
       validate_app_config_value(
         "copilot".to_string(),
@@ -218,4 +218,35 @@ mod tests {
       );
     }
   }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn openai_compatible_profiles_validate_with_flat_fields_and_arbitrary_models() {
+    assert!(
+      validate_app_config_value(
+        "copilot".to_string(),
+        "providers.profiles".to_string(),
+        json!([{
+          "id": "my-vllm",
+          "type": "openaiCompatible",
+          "enabled": true,
+          "baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1",
+          "apiKey": "sk-test",
+          "dialect": "chat_completions",
+          "models": ["qwen3-32b", { "id": "bge-m3", "capabilities": ["embedding"] }]
+        }]),
+      )
+      .unwrap()
+      .is_empty()
+    );
+    // unknown model ids on catalog providers still fail
+    assert!(
+      !validate_app_config_value(
+        "copilot".to_string(),
+        "providers.profiles".to_string(),
+        json!([{ "id": "x", "type": "openai", "models": ["not-in-catalog"] }]),
+      )
+      .unwrap()
+      .is_empty()
+    );
+  }
 }

packages/backend/server/src/core/backend-runtime/provider.ts

@@ -629,6 +629,15 @@ export class BackendRuntimeProvider
     );
   }
 
+  async probeManagedProfile(
+    profileId: string,
+    checks: Array<{ modelId: string; operation: string }>
+  ): Promise<ByokProbeResultOutput> {
+    return await this.measured('probeManagedProfile', runtime =>
+      runtime.probeManagedCopilotProfile(profileId, checks)
+    );
+  }
+
   async deleteByokProfile(workspaceId: string, profileId: string) {
     return await this.measured('deleteByokProfile', runtime =>
       runtime.deleteByokProfile(workspaceId, profileId)

packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/config.ts

@@ -35,13 +35,17 @@ type CopilotProviderProfileCommon = {
   displayName?: string;
   priority?: number;
   enabled?: boolean;
-  models?: string[];
+  baseUrl?: string;
+  apiKey?: string;
+  dialect?: 'responses' | 'chat_completions';
+  models?: Array<string | { id: string; capabilities?: string[] }>;
   middleware?: ProviderMiddlewareConfig;
 };
 
 export type CopilotProviderProfile = CopilotProviderProfileCommon & {
   type: CopilotProviderType;
-  config: ProviderSpecificConfig;
+  /** Legacy nested form. New configs use the flat baseUrl/apiKey/dialect fields. */
+  config?: ProviderSpecificConfig;
 };
 
 declare global {

packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/managed-profile.resolver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import {
+  Args,
+  Field,
+  ID,
+  InputType,
+  Mutation,
+  ObjectType,
+  Resolver,
+} from '@nestjs/graphql';
+
+import { Throttle } from '../../base';
+import { BackendRuntimeProvider } from '../../core/backend-runtime';
+import { Admin } from '../../core/common';
+import { ByokProbeOperation, ByokProbeStatusKind } from './byok/types';
+
+@InputType()
+class ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput {
+  @Field(() => String)
+  modelId!: string;
+
+  @Field(() => ByokProbeOperation)
+  operation!: ByokProbeOperation;
+}
+
+@ObjectType()
+class ManagedProfileProbeStatusType {
+  @Field(() => ByokProbeStatusKind)
+  kind!: ByokProbeStatusKind;
+
+  @Field(() => Date, { nullable: true })
+  testedAt!: Date | null;
+
+  @Field(() => String, { nullable: true })
+  errorKind!: string | null;
+}
+
+@ObjectType()
+class ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType {
+  @Field(() => ByokProbeOperation)
+  operation!: ByokProbeOperation;
+
+  @Field(() => ManagedProfileProbeStatusType)
+  status!: ManagedProfileProbeStatusType;
+}
+
+@ObjectType()
+class ManagedProfileModelProbeType {
+  @Field(() => String)
+  modelId!: string;
+
+  @Field(() => [ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType])
+  checks!: ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType[];
+}
+
+@ObjectType()
+class ManagedProfileProbeResultType {
+  @Field(() => String)
+  definitionFingerprint!: string;
+
+  @Field(() => ManagedProfileProbeStatusType)
+  connection!: ManagedProfileProbeStatusType;
+
+  @Field(() => [ManagedProfileModelProbeType])
+  models!: ManagedProfileModelProbeType[];
+}
+
+function projectStatus(probe: {
+  kind: string;
+  testedAtMs?: number;
+  errorKind?: string;
+}) {
+  return {
+    kind: probe.kind,
+    testedAt: probe.testedAtMs ? new Date(probe.testedAtMs) : null,
+    errorKind: probe.errorKind ?? null,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Admin-only surface for testing server-managed copilot provider profiles
+ * (copilot.providers.profiles) configured through the admin console.
+ */
+@Admin()
+@Resolver(() => ManagedProfileProbeResultType)
+export class ManagedCopilotProfileResolver {
+  constructor(private readonly runtime: BackendRuntimeProvider) {}
+
+  @Mutation(() => ManagedProfileProbeResultType, {
+    description:
+      'Test a server-managed copilot provider profile by dispatching real probe requests.',
+  })
+  @Throttle('strict')
+  async probeManagedCopilotProfile(
+    @Args('profileId', { type: () => ID }) profileId: string,
+    @Args('checks', { type: () => [ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput] })
+    checks: ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput[]
+  ) {
+    const result = await this.runtime.probeManagedProfile(
+      profileId,
+      checks.map(check => ({
+        modelId: check.modelId,
+        operation: check.operation,
+      }))
+    );
+    return {
+      definitionFingerprint: result.definitionFingerprint,
+      stale: result.stale,
+      connection: projectStatus(result.connection),
+      models: result.models.map(model => ({
+        modelId: model.modelId,
+        checks: model.checks.map(check => ({
+          operation: check.operation,
+          status: projectStatus(check.status),
+        })),
+      })),
+    };
+  }
+}

packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/module-providers.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   NativeEmbeddingService,
 } from './embedding';
 import { CopilotEmbeddingRealtimeProvider } from './embedding/realtime';
+import { ManagedCopilotProfileResolver } from './managed-profile.resolver';
 import { WorkspaceMcpProvider } from './mcp/provider';
 import { PromptService } from './prompt';
 import { CopilotResolver, UserCopilotResolver } from './resolver';
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ export const COPILOT_RESOLVER_PROVIDERS = [
   CopilotResolver,
   UserCopilotResolver,
   WorkspaceByokResolver,
+  ManagedCopilotProfileResolver,
 ];
 
 export const COPILOT_JOB_PROVIDERS = [CopilotCronJobs];

packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/providers/types.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export enum CopilotProviderType {
   Gemini = 'gemini',
   GeminiVertex = 'geminiVertex',
   OpenAI = 'openai',
+  OpenAICompatible = 'openaiCompatible',
 }
 
 export const CopilotProviderSchema = z.object({

packages/backend/server/src/schema.gql

@@ -1448,6 +1448,33 @@ input ManageUserInput {
   name: String
 }
 
+type ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType {
+  operation: ByokProbeOperation!
+  status: ManagedProfileProbeStatusType!
+}
+
+type ManagedProfileModelProbeType {
+  checks: [ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType!]!
+  modelId: String!
+}
+
+input ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput {
+  modelId: String!
+  operation: ByokProbeOperation!
+}
+
+type ManagedProfileProbeResultType {
+  connection: ManagedProfileProbeStatusType!
+  definitionFingerprint: String!
+  models: [ManagedProfileModelProbeType!]!
+}
+
+type ManagedProfileProbeStatusType {
+  errorKind: String
+  kind: ByokProbeStatusKind!
+  testedAt: DateTime
+}
+
 enum McpAccessMode {
   READ_ONLY
   READ_WRITE
@@ -1631,6 +1658,11 @@ type Mutation {
   """mention user in a doc"""
   mentionUser(input: MentionInput!): ID!
   previewLicense(license: Upload!): AdminLicensePreview!
+
+  """
+  Test a server-managed copilot provider profile by dispatching real probe requests.
+  """
+  probeManagedCopilotProfile(checks: [ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput!]!, profileId: ID!): ManagedProfileProbeResultType!
   probeWorkspaceByokDraft(input: ProbeWorkspaceByokDraftInput!): WorkspaceByokProbeResultType!
   probeWorkspaceByokProfile(input: ProbeWorkspaceByokProfileInput!): WorkspaceByokProbeResultType!
   publishDoc(docId: String!, mode: PublicDocMode = Page, workspaceId: String!): DocType!

packages/common/graphql/src/graphql/admin/managed-profile.gql

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+mutation probeManagedCopilotProfile($profileId: ID!, $checks: [ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput!]!) {
+  probeManagedCopilotProfile(profileId: $profileId, checks: $checks) {
+    connection {
+      kind
+      testedAt
+      errorKind
+    }
+    models {
+      modelId
+      checks {
+        operation
+        status {
+          kind
+          testedAt
+          errorKind
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

packages/common/graphql/src/graphql/index.ts

@@ -512,6 +512,31 @@ export const listUsersQuery = {
 }`,
 };
 
+export const probeManagedCopilotProfileMutation = {
+  id: 'probeManagedCopilotProfileMutation' as const,
+  op: 'probeManagedCopilotProfile',
+  query: `mutation probeManagedCopilotProfile($profileId: ID!, $checks: [ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput!]!) {
+  probeManagedCopilotProfile(profileId: $profileId, checks: $checks) {
+    connection {
+      kind
+      testedAt
+      errorKind
+    }
+    models {
+      modelId
+      checks {
+        operation
+        status {
+          kind
+          testedAt
+          errorKind
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}`,
+};
+
 export const rotateAuthSigningKeyMutation = {
   id: 'rotateAuthSigningKeyMutation' as const,
   op: 'rotateAuthSigningKey',

packages/common/graphql/src/schema.ts

@@ -1641,6 +1641,36 @@ export interface ManageUserInput {
   name?: InputMaybe<Scalars['String']['input']>;
 }
 
+export interface ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType {
+  __typename?: 'ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType';
+  operation: ByokProbeOperation;
+  status: ManagedProfileProbeStatusType;
+}
+
+export interface ManagedProfileModelProbeType {
+  __typename?: 'ManagedProfileModelProbeType';
+  checks: Array<ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType>;
+  modelId: Scalars['String']['output'];
+}
+
+export interface ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput {
+  modelId: Scalars['String']['input'];
+  operation: ByokProbeOperation;
+}
+
+export interface ManagedProfileProbeResultType {
+  __typename?: 'ManagedProfileProbeResultType';
+  connection: ManagedProfileProbeStatusType;
+  models: Array<ManagedProfileModelProbeType>;
+}
+
+export interface ManagedProfileProbeStatusType {
+  __typename?: 'ManagedProfileProbeStatusType';
+  errorKind: Maybe<Scalars['String']['output']>;
+  kind: ByokProbeStatusKind;
+  testedAt: Maybe<Scalars['DateTime']['output']>;
+}
+
 export enum McpAccessMode {
   READ_ONLY = 'READ_ONLY',
   READ_WRITE = 'READ_WRITE',
@@ -1813,6 +1843,8 @@ export interface Mutation {
   /** mention user in a doc */
   mentionUser: Scalars['ID']['output'];
   previewLicense: AdminLicensePreview;
+  /** Test a server-managed copilot provider profile by dispatching real probe requests. */
+  probeManagedCopilotProfile: ManagedProfileProbeResultType;
   probeWorkspaceByokDraft: WorkspaceByokProbeResultType;
   probeWorkspaceByokProfile: WorkspaceByokProbeResultType;
   publishDoc: DocType;
@@ -2115,6 +2147,11 @@ export interface MutationPreviewLicenseArgs {
   license: Scalars['Upload']['input'];
 }
 
+export interface MutationProbeManagedCopilotProfileArgs {
+  checks: Array<ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput>;
+  profileId: Scalars['ID']['input'];
+}
+
 export interface MutationProbeWorkspaceByokDraftArgs {
   input: ProbeWorkspaceByokDraftInput;
 }
@@ -4278,6 +4315,38 @@ export type ListUsersQuery = {
   }>;
 };
 
+export type ProbeManagedCopilotProfileMutationVariables = Exact<{
+  profileId: Scalars['ID']['input'];
+  checks: Array<ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput> | ManagedProfileProbeCheckInput;
+}>;
+
+export type ProbeManagedCopilotProfileMutation = {
+  __typename?: 'Mutation';
+  probeManagedCopilotProfile: {
+    __typename?: 'ManagedProfileProbeResultType';
+    connection: {
+      __typename?: 'ManagedProfileProbeStatusType';
+      kind: ByokProbeStatusKind;
+      testedAt: string | null;
+      errorKind: string | null;
+    };
+    models: Array<{
+      __typename?: 'ManagedProfileModelProbeType';
+      modelId: string;
+      checks: Array<{
+        __typename?: 'ManagedProfileModelProbeCheckType';
+        operation: ByokProbeOperation;
+        status: {
+          __typename?: 'ManagedProfileProbeStatusType';
+          kind: ByokProbeStatusKind;
+          testedAt: string | null;
+          errorKind: string | null;
+        };
+      }>;
+    }>;
+  };
+};
+
 export type RotateAuthSigningKeyMutationVariables = Exact<{
   expectedActiveKeyId: Scalars['String']['input'];
 }>;
@@ -8125,6 +8194,11 @@ export type Mutations =
       variables: ImportUsersMutationVariables;
       response: ImportUsersMutation;
     }
+  | {
+      name: 'probeManagedCopilotProfileMutation';
+      variables: ProbeManagedCopilotProfileMutationVariables;
+      response: ProbeManagedCopilotProfileMutation;
+    }
   | {
       name: 'rotateAuthSigningKeyMutation';
       variables: RotateAuthSigningKeyMutationVariables;

packages/frontend/admin/src/config.json

@@ -389,6 +389,10 @@
     "byok.allowPrivateEndpoint": {
       "type": "Boolean",
       "desc": "Whether workspace BYOK custom endpoints may resolve to private network targets. Enabling this allows workspace owners and admins to send provider probe requests to the private network."
+    },
+    "providers.profiles": {
+      "type": "Array",
+      "desc": "The profile list for copilot providers."
     }
   },
   "indexer": {

packages/frontend/admin/src/modules/settings/config.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { ComponentType } from 'react';
 import CONFIG_DESCRIPTORS from '../../config.json';
 import type { ConfigInputProps } from './config-input-row';
 import { AuthSigningKeys } from './operations/auth-signing-keys';
+import { ProbeManagedProfiles } from './operations/probe-managed-profiles';
 import { SendTestEmail } from './operations/send-test-email';
 export type ConfigType = 'String' | 'Number' | 'Boolean' | 'JSON' | 'Enum';
 
@@ -163,6 +164,18 @@ export const KNOWN_CONFIG_GROUPS = [
       },
     ],
   } as ConfigGroup<'copilot'>,
+  {
+    name: 'AI Providers',
+    module: 'copilot',
+    fields: [
+      {
+        key: 'providers.profiles',
+        desc: 'Server-managed AI provider profiles. Edit as JSON, then use Test to verify connectivity. Example: [{"id":"local-vllm","provider":"openaiCompatible","name":"Local vLLM","enabled":true,"config":{"baseURL":"http://localhost:8000/v1","apiKey":"none","dialect":"chat_completions"},"models":["qwen2.5-7b-instruct"]}].',
+        type: 'JSON',
+      },
+    ],
+    operations: [ProbeManagedProfiles],
+  } as ConfigGroup<'copilot'>,
   {
     name: 'Indexer',
     module: 'indexer',

packages/frontend/admin/src/modules/settings/operations/probe-managed-profiles.spec.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/**
+ * @vitest-environment happy-dom
+ */
+import {
+  cleanup,
+  fireEvent,
+  render,
+  screen,
+  waitFor,
+} from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const triggerMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock('@affine/admin/use-mutation', () => ({
+  useMutation: () => ({ trigger: triggerMock, isMutating: false }),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@affine/component', () => ({
+  notify: { success: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+import { ProbeManagedProfiles } from './probe-managed-profiles';
+
+describe('ProbeManagedProfiles', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    triggerMock.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    cleanup();
+  });
+
+  test('renders nothing when no managed profiles configured', () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <ProbeManagedProfiles appConfig={{ copilot: {} }} />
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  test('probes each enabled profile model with declared capabilities', async () => {
+    triggerMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      probeManagedCopilotProfile: {
+        connection: { kind: 'verified', errorKind: null },
+        models: [
+          {
+            modelId: 'qwen',
+            checks: [
+              {
+                operation: 'chat',
+                status: { kind: 'verified', errorKind: null },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    });
+
+    render(
+      <ProbeManagedProfiles
+        appConfig={{
+          copilot: {
+            'providers.profiles': [
+              {
+                id: 'local-vllm',
+                name: 'Local vLLM',
+                enabled: true,
+                models: [{ id: 'qwen', capabilities: ['chat', 'tools'] }],
+              },
+              {
+                id: 'disabled-profile',
+                enabled: false,
+                models: ['m'],
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        }}
+      />
+    );
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Test Local vLLM' });
+    expect(
+      screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /disabled-profile/ })
+    ).toBeNull();
+
+    fireEvent.click(button);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(triggerMock).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+    expect(triggerMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      profileId: 'local-vllm',
+      checks: [
+        { modelId: 'qwen', operation: 'chat' },
+        { modelId: 'qwen', operation: 'tool_calling' },
+      ],
+    });
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/Connection:/)).toBeDefined();
+      expect(screen.getByText(/qwen: chat verified/)).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('defaults to chat check when capabilities are undeclared', async () => {
+    triggerMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      probeManagedCopilotProfile: {
+        connection: { kind: 'failed', errorKind: 'http_401' },
+        models: [
+          {
+            modelId: 'm1',
+            checks: [
+              {
+                operation: 'chat',
+                status: { kind: 'failed', errorKind: 'http_401' },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    });
+
+    render(
+      <ProbeManagedProfiles
+        appConfig={{
+          copilot: {
+            'providers.profiles': [{ id: 'p1', models: ['m1'] }],
+          },
+        }}
+      />
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Test p1' }));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(triggerMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        profileId: 'p1',
+        checks: [{ modelId: 'm1', operation: 'chat' }],
+      });
+    });
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/failed \(http_401\)/)).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/frontend/admin/src/modules/settings/operations/probe-managed-profiles.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+import { Button } from '@affine/admin/components/ui/button';
+import { useMutation } from '@affine/admin/use-mutation';
+import { notify } from '@affine/component';
+import {
+  type ByokProbeOperation,
+  type ByokProbeStatusKind,
+  probeManagedCopilotProfileMutation,
+} from '@affine/graphql';
+import { useCallback, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+
+import type { AppConfig } from '../config';
+
+type ProfileLike = {
+  id?: string;
+  name?: string;
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  models?: Array<string | { id: string; capabilities?: string[] }>;
+};
+
+const CAPABILITY_OPERATION: Record<string, ByokProbeOperation> = {
+  chat: 'chat',
+  structured: 'structured',
+  tools: 'tool_calling',
+  vision: 'vision',
+  embedding: 'embedding',
+  rerank: 'rerank',
+  image: 'image',
+};
+
+function checksForModel(
+  model: NonNullable<ProfileLike['models']>[number]
+): Array<{
+  modelId: string;
+  operation: ByokProbeOperation;
+}> {
+  const modelId = typeof model === 'string' ? model : model.id;
+  const capabilities =
+    typeof model === 'string' ? [] : (model.capabilities ?? []);
+  if (capabilities.length === 0) {
+    // Undeclared capabilities: probe basic chat as the default smoke test.
+    return [{ modelId, operation: 'chat' }];
+  }
+  return capabilities
+    .map(
+      (capability: string): ByokProbeOperation | undefined =>
+        CAPABILITY_OPERATION[capability]
+    )
+    .filter((operation): operation is ByokProbeOperation => Boolean(operation))
+    .map(operation => ({ modelId, operation }));
+}
+
+const STATUS_LABEL: Record<ByokProbeStatusKind, string> = {
+  verified: 'verified',
+  failed: 'failed',
+  not_tested: 'not tested',
+};
+
+export function ProbeManagedProfiles({ appConfig }: { appConfig: AppConfig }) {
+  const { trigger, isMutating } = useMutation({
+    mutation: probeManagedCopilotProfileMutation,
+  });
+  const [results, setResults] = useState<{
+    profileId: string;
+    connection: { kind: string; errorKind?: string | null };
+    models: Array<{
+      modelId: string;
+      checks: Array<{
+        operation: string;
+        status: { kind: string; errorKind?: string | null };
+      }>;
+    }>;
+  } | null>(null);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const profiles = useMemo(() => {
+    const raw = appConfig?.copilot?.['providers.profiles'];
+    return Array.isArray(raw) ? (raw as ProfileLike[]) : [];
+  }, [appConfig]);
+
+  const onTest = useCallback(
+    async (profile: ProfileLike) => {
+      if (!profile.id) {
+        return;
+      }
+      setError(null);
+      setResults(null);
+      const checks = (profile.models ?? []).flatMap(checksForModel);
+      try {
+        const result = await trigger({
+          profileId: profile.id,
+          checks: checks.length > 0 ? checks : [],
+        });
+        setResults({
+          profileId: profile.id,
+          ...result.probeManagedCopilotProfile,
+        });
+        notify.success({
+          title: `Tested ${profile.name || profile.id}`,
+          message: `Connection ${result.probeManagedCopilotProfile.connection.kind}.`,
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+      }
+    },
+    [trigger]
+  );
+
+  if (profiles.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-col gap-3">
+      <div className="text-sm font-semibold leading-6 text-foreground">
+        Test provider connectivity
+      </div>
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+        {profiles.map(profile =>
+          profile.id && profile.enabled !== false ? (
+            <div key={profile.id} className="flex items-center gap-3">
+              <Button
+                type="button"
+                variant="outline"
+                className="h-8"
+                disabled={isMutating}
+                onClick={() => void onTest(profile)}
+              >
+                Test {profile.name || profile.id}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          ) : null
+        )}
+      </div>
+      {error && <div className="text-sm text-destructive">{error}</div>}
+      {results && (
+        <div className="rounded-md border border-border/60 p-3 text-sm">
+          <div>
+            Connection:{' '}
+            <span
+              className={
+                results.connection.kind === 'verified'
+                  ? 'text-green-600'
+                  : 'text-destructive'
+              }
+            >
+              {results.connection.kind}
+            </span>
+            {results.connection.errorKind
+              ? ` (${results.connection.errorKind})`
+              : ''}
+          </div>
+          {results.models.map(model => (
+            <div key={model.modelId} className="mt-1 pl-3">
+              {model.modelId}:{' '}
+              {model.checks
+                .map(
+                  check =>
+                    `${check.operation} ${STATUS_LABEL[check.status.kind] ?? check.status.kind}${
+                      check.status.errorKind
+                        ? ` (${check.status.errorKind})`
+                        : ''
+                    }`
+                )
+                .join(', ')}
+            </div>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}